Not sure if they recognize them as such or as if they just recognize them.
So take for instance, Hemi has a friend who is an Ausie. Hemi treats him the same way Hemi treats his sister. I do not notice any difference in Hemi's personality in playing with his sister vs his other friend. One thing though I do find interesting is the genetic similarity in play style, happiness, body language between Hemi and his sister. Where the other dogs have a completely different body language, sometimes hard to read maybe by Hemi.
Kind of like your Sig pic. That's a beautiful, happy healthy lab we all recognize on this forum. Most labs recognize this in themselves. However, other dogs of other breeds express things differently. Any example of this is in agility practice. Hemi can watch another dog run. If the dog picks up a cone, meh, no big deal, Hemi will often give me a look like Dad did you see what that dog did, that's naughty. However, if another lab picks up a cone, doesn't matter what lab, there is often a little dance and a hah I got the cone, well that's now the best cone ever, and it must be a toy, he has my attention and I think I will grab that cone next time I am out there.
Now on the flip side of things. I know that they have amazing memories. I have seen Hemi recognize places he has not been to in 2 years. I know from Dog Scout camp all dogs remember it one year apart. He knows exactly where he is and the routine he did the last time he was there. So they have great memories. Hemi has never seen him mom, so I am not sure if he would recognize her scent in some way. Surely not visually as the eyes at 8 weeks are still developing and he had such a different perspective, but scent may be stored deep down somewhere inside the brain.